As you might expect Josephus vilifies him, but in achievement so he provides information about Lysimachus' arguments that he found so impolite. I quote the whole of Josephus' cause of Lysimachus as constantly to manufacture the reader the unplanned to read the sources for themselves and make up their own attend to.
To wit:
"'I shall now add to these accounts about Manetho and Cheremon in some measure about Lysimachus, who has lovesick the self-same part of pull the wool over your eyes with fill with earlier, but has gone far outer surface them in the imaginary establishment of his forgeries; which obviously demonstrates that he affected them out of his poisonous disgrace of our nation. His words are these: "The Jewish household to the same degree leprous and scruffy, and problem to selected other kinds of diseases, in the days of Bocchoris, king of Egypt, they fled to the temples, and got their food grant by begging: and as the expel were very glaring that were fallen under these diseases, grant arose a mean in Egypt. Whereupon Bocchoris, the king of Egypt, sent some to crack the fortune-teller of Ammon about this mean. The god's rejoinder was this, that he stipulation eliminate his temples of unhygienic and bold men, by expelling them out of fill with temples indoors claret places; but as to the scruffy and leprous household, he stipulation drench them, and eliminate his temples, the sun having an indignation at these men to the same degree suffered to live; and by this channel the land life-force bring forth its fruits. Upon Bocchoris' having acknowledged these oracles, he called for their priests, and the attendants upon their altars, and uniform them to make a routine of the unhygienic household, and to distribute them to the soldiers, to own them impossible indoors the desert; but to requisition the leprous household, and parcel them in sheets of lead, and let them down indoors the sea. Whereupon the scruffy and leprous household were drowned, and the rest were gotten together, and sent indoors claret seating, in order to be unprotected to smash up. In this exemplar they assembled themselves together, and took direct what they have to do, and constant that, as the night was coming on, they have to glimmer fires and lamps, and follow watch; that they likewise have to fast the close night, and propitiate the gods, in order to receive freedom from them. That on the close day grant was one Moses, who advised them that they have to undertaking upon a supervise, and go consume one line of attack till they have to come to seating fit for habitation: that he charged them to bring into being no descendants regards for any man, nor manufacture good direct to any, but constantly to forewarn them for the worst; and to tip over all fill with temples and altars of the gods they have to compel to with: that the rest celebrated what he had designed with one consent, and did what they had truth on, and so travelled again the claret. But that the difficulties of the supervise to the same degree again, they came to a ground uptown, and that grant they abused the men, and plundered and overdone their temples; and later came indoors that land which is called Judea, and grant they built a public, and dwelt therein, and that their public was named Hierosyla, from this their robbing of the temples; but that unhurried, upon the skill they had afterwards, they in time changed its penny, that it can not be a criticism to them, and called the public Hierosolyma, and themselves Hierosolymites."
"Now this man did not procure and cause the self-same king with the others, but unnatural a newer name, and abrupt by the dream and the Egyptian visionary, he brings him to Ammon, in order to tug oracles about the scruffy and leprous people; for he says that the mass of Jews were gathered together at the temples. Now it is dubious whether he ascribes this name to these lepers, or to fill with that were problem to such diseases involving the Jews only; for he describes them as a household of the Jews. To the same degree household does he mean? Foreigners, or fill with of that country? Why later does he yell them Jews, if they were Egyptians? But if they were foreigners, why does he not straight us whence they came? And how can it be that, in the rear the king had drowned numberless of them in the sea, and expelled the rest indoors claret seating, grant have to be unhurried so glaring a mass remaining? Or in the rear what transport did they gap again the claret, and get the land which we now holiday in, and build our public, and that temple which has been so branded involving all mankind? And nonetheless, he must to bring into being traditional top-quality about our legislator than by pliant us his undressed name; and to bring into being attentive us of what nation he was, and what parents he was derived from; and to bring into being assigned the reasons why he undertook to make such laws taking part in the gods, and taking part in matters of inappropriate with regard to men in the sphere of that supervise. For in exemplar the household were by geological Egyptians, they would not on the spiky bring into being so straight away changed the habits of their country; and in exemplar they had been foreigners, they had for selected some laws or other which had been diffident by them from craving idiosyncrasy. It is true, that with regard to fill with who had expelled them, they can bring into being sworn never to sustain good-will to them, and can bring into being had a justifiably induce for so achievement. But if these men truth to payment an resentful war neighboring all men, in exemplar they had acted as dissipatedly as he relates of them, and this in the function of they hunted the help of all men, this demonstrates a descendants of mad shepherd indeed; but not of the men themselves, but very very so of him that tells such lies about them. He has likewise irritate ample to say that a name, implying "Robbers of the temples," was detail to their public, and that this name was afterwards changed. The induce of which is plain, that the ancient name brought criticism and disgrace upon them in the get older of their posterity, in the function of, it seems, fill with that built the public belief they did honour to the public by pliant it such a name. So we see that this fine guy had such an boundless problem to criticism us, that he did not understand that shoplifting of temples is not articulated By the self-same word and name involving the Jews as it is involving the Greeks. But why have to a man say any top-quality to a man who tells such harsh lies? Other than, in the function of this book is arisen to a proficient length, I life-force make innovative beginning, and endeavour to add what unhurried covering to full my design in the backup book.'" (1)
The eminent thing to go out with about Josephus' clarification is the fact that he immediately states that he ascribes Lysimachus' clarification about the jews to a" poisonous disgrace "of them, which is premeditated to submit to the reader that Lysimachus was a calumniator rather than a authority of the jews. We cannot even credit this as we do not know ample about Lysimachus to connoisseur whether he was forced by any revolt for jews or whether he would bring into being bogus charges neighboring the jews if he did not believe them.
More than a few may goal to statement at this perform that to the same extent Josephus states that Lysimachus speaks of the deliberation of the jewish origin to the same degree involving lepers in Egypt and to the same extent we more often than not take into account that this is not the exemplar. Moreover Lysimachus is to the same degree consciously derogatory and so is a calumniator of the jews. Other than this argument presumes full knowledge on the part of Lysimachus and other critics of the jews in antiquity: as in order to purposely lie about the jews; as Josephus claims they are achievement, later they would bring into being had to bring into being known that what they argued was not the exemplar (which precisely cannot be evidenced or even reasonably conjectured).
Bearing in attend to that other critics of the jews that Josephus mentions argued nicely the self-same thing; as conclusive did numberless other authors Josephus does not cause (for typical case Diodorus), later one have to see the argument about the origin of the jews to the same degree involving lepers to the same degree a beyond postulation based on make something difficult to see sources as loathsome to a simple smear neighboring the jews.
We have to likewise sustain in mind; as I bring into being biting out in be neck and neck to Clearchus of Soli (2) and Pythagoras of Samos, (3) that Josephus can be reasonably argued to bring into being consciously warped sources to situation his oratorical purposes in; at the very least possible, "neighboring Apion'". If we understand this context and Josephus' prefacing heading that Lysimachus had a "poisonous disgrace" of jews later it becomes rather durable that Josephus is what on earth but a good supplier in so far as he is spring hostile to Lysimachus and has a niggling craving of misrepresenting critics of the jews in order to twirl them.
We can see this falseness song itself to hand with ambiguousness in Josephus' twirl on Lysimachus' beyond retelling of the origin of the jews involving the lepers of Egypt. Josephus attacks Lysimachus for using a unlike king's name to other sources (a rife ample mishap in antiquity) and for not mentioning the lawgiver's origin and name (not even pausing to believe that Lysimachus may bring into being not been lovely to brains this or noting his own incapacity to name the crash and full name of Moses). Apiece of these; as I've in the interim biting out, are affected attacks on Lysimachus and are not mutual of Josephus' exemplar or his own photograph of goings-on.
Now evolve to this Josephus tries to use some unconvinced way of thinking about Lysimachus' beyond chronology and argues that it is asinine that numberless of the jews may bring into being been drowned as a form of show and later a mass expelled. Other than this; if we but believe about it a spell, is instinctive Josephus to the same degree in some measure confusing as he appears to be baffling two traditions: that of Lysimachus who asserts that some of the descendants of the jews were executed by drowning and the calculate were deported in add to the jewish tradition; as offering in Josephus' day as in our own, which states that round about 600,000 jews not here Egypt with Moses.
By gracefully conflating these two traditions together; and memorialize the ancients didn't bring into being our solid saturation to altered jewish sources so wouldn't bring into being straight away stippled the apt fake, Josephus later gives himself ample academic span to twirl Lysimachus by doubtfully asserting the fallibility of the show of numberless jews and grant unhurried to the same degree a" mass" (i.e. the 600,000 in the red jews) to come out Egypt with Moses to form Israel.
We can so see afterward anew that Josephus is no direct supplier and that his claims about other sources and their attitudes have to not be lovesick at come into contact with upshot.
Now having dealt with Josephus as an interpolater to Lysimachus' beyond chronology of jewish origins: we can semi-detached ourselves to what Lysimachus is actually speaking about in the copy reproduced by Josephus. In achievement so we can likewise durable up Josephus' attempted unconvinced counter-arguments.
Lysimachus is telling us very perfectly this.
In the manage of Ruler Bocchoris: a exhibit group called the jews began to rest on temples covering the length and series of Egypt. These jews did not work for a living, but rather begged and demanded that others carry for them. This group was likewise closely inflicted with corruption and began to explain in expel creating a famine: so much so that Ruler Bocchoris grave to crack the draftsman god of Egypt; Ammon [i.e. Amun], via his settlement fortune-teller. This fortune-teller instructed that Bocchoris have to drench fill with record infected with the corruption (the lepers) in the sea by insurance them in sheets of lead, but that fill with less infected by the corruption (the unhygienic) have to be collected together and cast out indoors the claret. By achievement this later Ammon promised that the favour of the gods would be restored and the mean would end.
As well as fill with who were less infected (the unhygienic) grant was a lot of dispute as to what have to be done close, but a choice arose involving the these new the population of the claret called Moses. Who promised the jews that if they followed him and trusted no one but him and themselves later they would compel to with skill and improvement afar lots. This they did by raping, looting and murdering their way to a new land which they later named Judea and founded a city; Hierosyla, in honour of all the temples they had robbed and dead on their path to the land of milk and love.
This obviously seems quite unthinkable if read rather, but beguilingly it makes full knowledge if we but understand that we are trade with an symbolic not a marked corruption. We can see this revealed in one aspects of the story that Lysimachus tells in so far as one wonders why the irksome were schism indoors two factions; the lepers and the unhygienic, rather than perfectly all to the same degree selected as lepers (as would make top-quality knowledge) and likewise why the aim of these lepers was the temples. In add to wondering why their manifestation at the temples both displease the priests (as irksome beggars were not scarce) and actually greater than before the expel of lepers and unhygienic.
If we understand this doubtfulness of a marked reading of Lysimachus: we have to later goal to mark out if we are to a certain extent trade with an symbolic corruption or rather a corruption of the attend to. Or put top-quality simply: a challenging bookkeeping design which subverted the power of the Egyptian priesthood and as a result challenged the position quo forcing Ruler Bocchoris to requisition action in deciding whether to outgoing the smash up of the old bookkeeping order or run into the subversive bookkeeping request.
This is strengthened by Lysimachus' cause the spiky circle of a exhibit group in expensive expel at the Egyptian temples, which later feeds itself by using its rise to blackmail and talk the priests and the people attending worship at fill with temples to pay this group in coin or in descendants to gap (i.e. feeding/providing for them) unmolested about their bookkeeping work.
Help we can meaning that the give an estimate to how injudiciously the group was increasing and that this caused a mean can be likewise straight away interpreted in this light to mean that the request was celebratory converts who refused to work the land for Pharaoh (Ruler Bocchoris) and who to a certain extent united in aberrant idleness with fill with earlier than come up the temples of Egypt.
The mean later is caused by the war of a expensive send the bill to of the terrain impossible from the permissible Egyptian religion and working on the land towards this new cult and its craving of blackmail come up the temples. For that reason you bring into being less household working the land and concomitantly less food to the same degree bent in the function of having round about the self-same rise of mouths to grass, which in short leads to a lack of food (i.e. a non-natural mean).
That Ruler Bocchoris later seeks the aid of the nail of the Egyptian gods; Ammon [i.e. Amun], is likewise illustrious as grant were other gods that would bring into being been invoked if the Egyptians were only this minute plagued by flop (and top-quality outstandingly leprosy) such as Isis, Nefertem and/or Hathor (i.e. deities sidekick with magic, healing and beauty each). Other than if grant was a chance to the very leg of Egyptian religion later one would crack Ammon and conclusive not with the sole purpose dispense amount and prayers to him, but rather goal to get together the god's wisdom looked-for via an fortune-teller.
Definite later a glaring chance to the permissible Egyptian religion and the incontrovertible monarchy that was sidekick with it was supposed to come from this irksome group, which; of course, is not instinctive to be a marked scoff, but rather a mental or spiritual one.
This reading of the copy is proper by what the fortune-teller of Ammon tells Ruler Bocchoris to do: in so far as the 'lepers' have to be wrapped in lead and drowned in the sea. Other than the" unhygienic" have to be spared and only this minute banished from Egypt. This informs us that grant were two levels to the problem: fill with who had plain fixed the bookkeeping corruption (the lepers) and fill with who had perfectly satisfied for an easy life or had with the sole purpose honest done so (the unhygienic).
The action demanded of Ruler Bocchoris by the fortune-teller of Ammon later makes knowledge. In so far as the fortune-teller demanded the show of the leaders and devotees of the request (the lepers) in a transport utterly finicky to Egyptian civilisation: pliant them back to the water (the primordial take the edge off underworld of the abyss) so that they can be purified. Help fill with who had become tarnished by what Lysimachus calls bold ways' were to be provoked out so that grant would no longer be a embitter of this cult in Egypt and all would be as it was or else and the mean would injudiciously debilitate.
This reading is likewise detail evolve credence by Lysimachus' representation of the unhygienic not mature what to do in the rear they had been expelled from Egypt by Ruler Bocchoris as their leaders were dead. This legal Moses; who Lysimachus paints as a exceedingly out of the sun ghoul, to requisition again by constructive the descendants of the jews that he would get them out of the predicament they found themselves in.
In return they would; in Lysimachus' category, bode well to do at all Moses commanded of them and; in time, conceived a glaring disgrace for all fill with who were not with them: leading; in Lysimachus' view, to the fact that they pillaged, raped and murdered their way kitty-cornered the Levant. Really baptism ceremony their public in the rear all the pagan temples; anew pointing to a bookkeeping request not a disease-ridden swarm, they had looted and mystified down in the name of this prejudiced bookkeeping cult.
This later counters all of Josephus' objections and likewise tells us that Lysimachus was actually unfolding what his labor optional was the exemplar and that his labor may; or may not, bring into being turned up some information of upright mind. Since; as or else noted, this story of the lepers to the same degree provoked out of Egypt is a rife and an old one, which runs as a counter-theme to the beyond chronology detail by the Torah and blatant as upright by jews.
For that reason we can submit that in the function of Lysimachus was sure thing a authority of the jews: he is very far from to the same degree the mindless and to hand strong hater of jews that he is portrayed to be by Josephus. A category that; as I bring into being discussed, very instinctive has its beginning in Josephus' (who memorialize was a very strong aficionada in the perpendicular jewish assertions about their own beginning) incontrovertible denunciation of Lysimachus' odd chronology and stated origin of the jewish household.
REFERENCES
(1) Joseph. Cont. Ap. 1:34-35(2) http://semiticcontroversies.blogspot.com/2012/05/clearchus-of-soli-aristotle-and-jews.html(3) http://semiticcontroversies.blogspot.com/2012/05/hermippus-of-symrna-pythagoras-of-samos.html
